Child Protection Guidance 2021

Part 4: Specific support needs and concerns 144 National Guidance for Child Protection in Scotland 2021 Version 1.0 September 2021 4.79 Domestic abuse, parental alcohol and drug use, isolation, poverty, chronic or acute health problems and severe housing stress are common examples of factors that can contribute to conditions and interactions that cause harm. Some cultural groups may experience disproportionate deprivation. They are also more likely to experience confusion and disempowerment within statutory decision-making systems (Henderson, Kurlus, SCRA 2017). In all situations, respect for culture and recognition of the context of harmful interaction promotes the likelihood of effective engagement. 4.80 Affluence and achievement can also be isolating, and sometimes mask emotional neglect. It may take much longer to recognise what is absent. Developing a supportive working relationship with articulate, well-resourced and high-achieving families requires a confidence in role, skill, sensitivity and honesty, as well as keeping the child’s experience as the central focus. 4.81 Persistent neglect can have a lifelong impact, and may be associated with the onset of physical and mental health problems, suicidal behaviour, eating disorders and obesity, alcohol and substance abuse, aggression, violence and criminal behaviour, high-risk sexual behaviour and homelessness. These are not inevitable consequences. Many parents who have experienced chronic neglect find ways forward and succeed in sustaining safe and loving care for their children. Some struggle to recall feelings associated with past trauma or deprivation. 4.82 The effects of neglect and emotional maltreatment may emerge in troubled or depressed teenage behaviour. Neglect may cause an increased vulnerability to exploitation, harmful and self-harming behaviour in teenage years. These patterns can contribute to neglect in the next generation. Young parents who have been neglected are more likely to need additional support to tune in to and build secure attachment with their own children. Parenting challenges tend to expose past hurts. Practitioners should seek to understand what lies behind neglectful behaviour and build on positive skills and relationships in order to increase safety and resilience through stressful times. 4.83 Protection of children from harm depends on early, inter-agency support in collaboration with parents, before the urgency of risk of significant harm draws children in to child protection systems. Uncertainties about definitions and thresholds can delay recognition and support. 4.84 Early signs of neglect must be taken seriously. Provision of early help can defuse the need for child protection processes. An inter-agency referral discussion becomes necessary when there is reason to believe the impact of neglect or emotional abuse could lead to significant harm. 4.85 The impact of neglect and/or emotional abuse upon a child will be affected by how early maltreatment occurred, the severity and type of maltreatment, the response of the child (which may include shame, anger and self-blame), the nature of relationships within which neglect occurred, and any steps taken to safeguard, protect or support the child during neglectful phases. 4.86 A comprehensive health assessment is recommended as part of a multi-agency assessment for all children where chronic neglect is a concern. Assessment and planning must be co‑ordinated, collaborative and practical, addressing specific risks and the way risks interact. Plans should also be clear about the transfer of professional responsibilities at times of transition.